You pay the property
taxes to the local tax authority where the property is located.
Rental income is subject to US income taxes. You have to file a 1040NR and pay them. Then you claim a foreign tax credit in Canada when you file your T1.
Read this:
http://www.cra-arc.gc.ca/E/pub/tg/p151/README.htmlIt's a bit out-of-date now as the 2008 tax treaty basically forces you to declare the income as "effectively connected with a US trade or business" but why on Earth anyone wouldn't have done that anyway I've never been clear on, as it explains in that publication.
You have to pay California State income taxes as well.
Steve.