For info on marriage based immigration go to
http://www.visajourney.com there's tonnes of info there on K1s and a Canada specific forum where you'll find a few dozen Canucks who have gone or are enduring the process now.
As for the process, in a nutshell it works like this:
Your fiance sends in the I-129F petition to USCIS and you wait and wait and wait. When the petition gets approved, USCIS sends it to the US consulate in Canada where you will have to have an interview (if you live in Western Canada, you will interview in Vancouver, if you live in Eastern Canada you will interview in Montreal).
You can
visit the US for up to 6 months at a time, IF they let you in. NO you cannot apply for a work permit while you are there, you just said yourself you are not qualfied for a TN, and that's about the only option to a Canadian these days.
You WILL definitely HAVE to return to Canada for your interview. No way around it. Once you have your
K1 visa, you have 90 days after you enter the US in which to be married. After you're married you apply to Adjust Status and for your employment authorization. EAD typically takes about 3 months so plan to be unemployed and bored for a few months after you arrive.
Check out Visa Journey for more indepth information and example forms and personal stories and whatnot.